Efektivitas Prehabilitasi Multimodal (Latihan Fisik, Nutrisi, Dan Dukungan Psikologis) Terhadap Tingkat Toleransi Kemoterapi Dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Kanker: Systematic Review

Abstract

Chemotherapy is a crucial component of cancer management; however, it can lead to toxicity, fatigue, reduced physical function, nutritional deficiencies, and psychological issues that impact both treatment tolerance and patient quality of life. To enhance patient readiness prior to therapy, multimodal prehabilitation—encompassing physical activity, nutritional therapy, and psychological support—has been developed. This study aims to evaluate the impact of multimodal prehabilitation on the quality of life and chemotherapy tolerance of cancer patients. A systematic review design based on PRISMA guidelines was employed. Literature sources covering the period from 2021 to 2026 were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The study sample consisted of publications meeting specific inclusion criteria: cancer patients undergoing prehabilitation prior to or during neoadjuvant therapy (involving physical activity, nutrition, and/or psychological support) with reported outcomes regarding treatment tolerance and quality of life. Articles were selected using a purposive sampling method. Following data extraction based on study characteristics, interventions, and outcomes, descriptive and narrative analyses were conducted. The research indicates that multimodal prehabilitation tends to improve or maintain muscle mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and other aspects of quality of life. Furthermore, several trials demonstrated reduced toxicity or complications and higher treatment completion rates. However, due to variations in cancer types, treatment plans, intervention timing, and outcome measures, the impact on chemotherapy tolerance remains inconsistent. Multimodal prehabilitation can assist cancer patients in tolerating therapy while improving their quality of life and physical and psychological readiness. Further research utilizing more standardized designs and outcome measures is required to validate its efficacy regarding chemotherapy tolerance.