Evaluasi Sentra Gakkumdu Dan Reformulasi Sistem Peradilan Pidana Pemilu Di Indonesia

Abstract

General elections are the primary instrument for exercising popular sovereignty, making effective law enforcement against electoral crimes essential to free and fair elections. This study analyzes the effectiveness of Indonesia's electoral crime enforcement model through the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Sentra Gakkumdu) and formulates an ideal enforcement model for the future. The study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, benchmarked against Mexico and South Korea. Findings show that Sentra Gakkumdu's effectiveness, assessed through Soerjono Soekanto's five factors of legal effectiveness, remains constrained across nearly all factors, there are divergent legal interpretations among its constituent institutions, tight case-handling deadlines, weak evidentiary standards for vote-buying, limited specialized facilities and personnel, and a legal culture in which vote-buying has become institutionalized as a patronage mechanism. The study also maps an unresolved academic debate between scholars who advocate strengthening Sentra Gakkumdu and those who propose abolishing it. The study recommends reformulating electoral crime enforcement through an Integrated Electoral Justice System that combines strengthened investigative authority for the Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu), permanent specialized electoral investigators and prosecutors, digitalization of the enforcement system, strengthened participatory public oversight, and the gradual development of a specialized electoral court.