ISSN 2828-6863 (Online) KOLONI (SINTA 4) SK AKREDITASI NO 147 Download DISINI KOLONI adalah jurnal multidisiplin ilmu terakreditasi SINTA 4 yang diterbitkan oleh Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai. Jurnal KOLONI terbit setiap tiga bulan dan merupakan jurnal peer-review, open access, serta bersifat ilmiah yang menerbitkan berbagai jenis artikel seperti artikel penelitian, artikel review, laporan kasus, studi kasus, resensi buku, tesis, disertasi, dan karya ilmiah lainnya. Ruang lingkup (scope) jurnal KOLONI mencakup berbagai bidang keilmuan multidisiplin, antara lain: Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Keperawatan dan Kebidanan Farmasi dan Ilmu Kedokteran Pendidikan dan Ilmu Keguruan Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis Hukum dan Ilmu Politik Teknik dan Rekayasa Ilmu Komputer dan Teknologi Informasi Pertanian, Peternakan, dan Perikanan Lingkungan dan Kesehatan Lingkungan Psikologi Administrasi Publik dan Kebijakan Komunikasi dan Media Bidang ilmu lain yang relevan dengan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi Dengan ruang lingkup yang luas, jurnal KOLONI menjadi wadah publikasi ilmiah bagi peneliti, akademisi, dan praktisi dari berbagai disiplin ilmu.
Bioaktif Ekstrak Buah Pare (Momordica Charantia) dalam Regulasi Glukosa Darah dan Resistensi Insulin : Literature Review
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels exceeding the normal fasting range of 80-90 mg/dL or the non-fasting range of 140-160 mg/dL. Diabetes mellitus encompasses a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The research methodology used was a literature review. This study aims to examine the function of bioactive bitter melon (Momordica charantia) fruit extract in regulating blood glucose and insulin resistance. This subject is important because of the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus, which requires effective and safe complementary therapy solutions. The methodology used involved a literature review, analyzing 10 scientific journals sourced from the ResearchGate, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, which were then selected according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis used a content analysis method to ensure significant conclusions. The research findings indicate that bitter melon fruit extract has considerable potential to lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin resistance due to its bioactive compounds, including charantin, polypeptide-p, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. The mechanisms include enhancing insulin sensitivity, inhibiting gluconeogenesis, and providing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, bitter melon extract has potential as a complementary therapy in the management of diabetes mellitus, although further research is needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness and safety.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Hikmah, Sri Julyani M, Dian Fahmi Utami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Kekuatan Otot Tungkai Bawah terhadap Stabilitas Fungsional pada Pelari Rekreasional
Running is a popular physical activity that provides various health benefits. Running requires good functional stability to maintain dynamic balance during movement. One of the factors that contributes to functional stability is lower limb muscle strength. Decreased lower limb muscle strength may affect postural control and increase the risk of stability impairment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between lower limb muscle strength and functional stability among recreational runners in Denpasar City. This study used a *cross-sectional* design. The sampling technique used was *purposive sampling* involving 46 recreational runners aged 18–30 years. Lower limb muscle strength was measured using a *leg dynamometer*, while functional stability was assessed using the *Modified Star Excursion Balance Test* (mSEBT). Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation test. The results showed a significant relationship between lower limb muscle strength and functional stability with a p-value of 0.007 and a correlation coefficient of r = 0.391, indicating a positive correlation. It can be concluded that increased lower limb muscle strength is associated with improved functional stability. Recreational runners are advised to perform lower limb strengthening exercises regularly.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Komang Tri Utami Wulandari, I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya, Indah Pramita, I Putu Yudi Pramana Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Conventional Radiological Findings of an Anterior Mediastinal Mass at Ngoerah Hospital
The most common anterior masses, often referred to by the acronym 4T, consist of thymoma, teratoma, thyroid tissue, and lymphoma (terrible lymphoma). These masses present unique challenges due to their proximity to critical thoracic structures. Although advances in imaging aid in characterization, an accurate diagnosis often requires a multimodal approach integrating radiological, histological, and molecular techniques. The anterior mediastinum, located in front of the heart and bounded by the sternum, undergoes significant changes from childhood to adulthood. In children, the mediastinum houses the large thymus, a vital immune organ; in adults, the mediastinum transitions into a smaller space as thymic function diminishes and the gland atrophies. This evolution leaves an area vulnerable to tumor formation. This case report discusses three distinct cases of anterior mediastinal masses. From the cases presented, it is evident that chest radiography plays a crucial role in establishing the initial diagnosis of patients with mediastinal abnormalities, specifically anterior mediastinal masses. However, in the previously discussed cases, only a single-projection chest X-ray—the posterolateral (PA) view—was performed. As explained in the available literature, in patients suspected of having mediastinal abnormalities, chest X-rays should be performed using two projections: posteroanterior and lateral.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putu Patriawan, Lorensius Ivan Pantekosta, Dewa Gde Mahiswara Suadiatmika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Bibliometrik Penelitian Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Pendidikan Tinggi dari Era Pra-Generative AI Hingga Kemunculan Chatgpt (2015-2025)
The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education has grown significantly over the past decade, particularly following the emergence of generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT. This study aims to map the evolution of AI research in higher education from the pre–generative AI era to the emergence of ChatGPT using a bibliometric approach. Data were collected from the Scopus database covering the period 2015–2025 and analyzed using VOSviewer and RStudio with the bibliometrix package. The analysis employed multiple bibliometric techniques, including co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, citation, co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and descriptive statistical analysis. The results show a substantial and exponential increase in publications, especially after 2020, with a total of 8,340 documents and an annual growth rate of 9.88%. The co-occurrence analysis reveals several major thematic clusters, ranging from technical aspects such as machine learning to pedagogical integration and the emergence of generative AI topics such as ChatGPT. Furthermore, the findings indicate a shift in research focus from technical and system-oriented approaches toward more pedagogical and normative dimensions, including issues of AI ethics and academic integrity. The co-authorship analysis shows that research collaboration remains fragmented, while global contributions are dominated by a limited number of countries. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the intellectual structure and development of AI research in higher education and highlights future research directions, particularly in interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical AI implementation, and inclusive knowledge development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Husnul Hatima; Alem Febri Sonni, Andi Subhan Amir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gambaran Posisi Duduk dan Derajat Fungsional Pasien Low Back Pain di Poliklinik Saraf Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Waled
Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that may cause limitations in functional activities. One of the risk factors associated with LBP is prolonged non-ergonomic sitting posture. This study aimed to describe sitting position and functional degree among patients with low back pain at the Neurology Polyclinic of Waled Regional General Hospital. This study used a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of all low back pain patients visiting the Neurology Polyclinic of RSUD Waled from May to July 2024. A total of 57 respondents were selected using the total sampling method. The variables studied were sitting position and functional degree of low back pain. Data were collected using a sitting position questionnaire and the Back Pain Functional Scale (BPFS) instrument. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis with frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Most respondents were male, accounting for 32 patients (56.1%), with the highest age group being late adulthood 37–45 years consisting of 20 patients (35.8%). The most common sitting position was slightly bent posture in 17 respondents (29.8%), followed by leaning and upright sitting positions in 15 respondents each (26.3%), and hunched posture in 10 respondents (17.5%). The mean BPFS score was 42 ± 13.91, indicating that most patients had a good functional ability category. Slightly bent sitting posture was the most common sitting position found among low back pain patients at the Neurology Polyclinic of RSUD Waled. The functional degree based on BPFS demonstrated that the majority of patients still had relatively good functional ability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salman Mursyidan Baldan, Moch Irwansyah Dharmansyahi, Kati Sriwiyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Kekuatan Genggaman Tangan dengan Fungsi Ekstremitas Atas pada Lansia di Panti Jompo Denpasar
Older adults experience aging processes that may cause decreased muscle mass and muscle strength, including hand muscle strength. Reduced handgrip strength can affect the ability of older adults to perform daily activities involving the upper extremities, such as gripping, lifting, carrying, and manipulating objects. This study aimed to determine the relationship between handgrip strength and upper extremity function in older adults at nursing homes in Denpasar. This study used an analytical cross-sectional design. A total of 25 older adults were recruited using total sampling. Handgrip strength was measured using a handgrip dynamometer, while upper extremity function was assessed using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation. The results showed that the mean age was 70.16 +/- 3.934 years, mean handgrip strength was 15.172 +/- 6.438 kg, and mean QuickDASH score was 18.04 +/- 15.307. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between handgrip strength and upper extremity function (r = -0.744; p = 0.000). Higher handgrip strength was associated with lower QuickDASH scores, indicating better upper extremity function. In conclusion, handgrip strength is significantly associated with upper extremity function in older adults at nursing homes in Denpasar.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sabila Harianti, Sayu Aryantari Putri Thanaya, Indah Pramita, Anak Ayu Nyoman Trisna Narta Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Litterature Review: Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Anemia Defisiensi Besi Pada Ibu Hamil di Indonesia
A mother’s nutritional status before and during pregnancy plays an essential role in supporting fetal growth. Malnutrition during pregnancy can lead to anemia, which is a global public health issue with far-reaching consequences for individuals and socioeconomic development. This literature review aims to examine the factors contributing to iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia based on research publications from the past five years. The research method employed involved a review of relevant articles from national and international journals published between 2020 and 2025, using narrative analysis to identify dominant risk factor patterns. The review results indicate that the primary risk factors include the mother’s age at risk, parity, adherence to iron tablet intake, gestational age, and the frequency of antenatal care visits. The conclusion confirms that sociodemographic factors (knowledge, education, income, age at marriage), obstetric factors (parity, inter-pregnancy interval), nutritional status (chronic energy deficiency), and health behaviors (adherence to iron tablet intake) have a significant association with hemoglobin levels and the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Muslim, Masita Fujiko, Fitriya Idrus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Morfologi Otot Peroneus dan Stabilitas Fungsional dengan Fungsi Ankle dan Kejadian Ankle Sprain pada Olahragawan
Ankle injuries, particularly ankle sprains, are among the most common injuries in athletes due to high physical activity and biomechanical stress on the ankle joint. Functional stability plays a crucial role in maintaining movement control and balance, and is therefore considered a key factor influencing ankle function and injury risk. This study aimed to determine the relationship between functional stability, ankle function, and the incidence of ankle sprain in athletes. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 75 athletes aged 15–22 years selected through purposive sampling. Functional stability was assessed using the Y-Balance Test (YBT), ankle function using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and ankle sprain incidence through an injury history questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rho test and logistic regression. Significant correlations were found between functional stability and ankle function, particularly in pain and symptom domains (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between functional stability and ankle sprain incidence (p < 0.05), indicating that better functional stability is associated with a lower risk of injury. Functional stability plays an important role in improving ankle function and reducing the risk of ankle sprain in athletes.Balance training and neuromuscular control exercises are recommended, along with routine screening using the Y-Balance Test for injury prevention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Githa Sugiarta Indraswari, I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya, Indah Pramita, I Putu Yudi Pramana Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak n-Heksana, Etil Asetat dan Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539
Salmonella typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever and remains a major public health problem in developing countries. Irrational use of antibiotics may lead to bacterial resistance, thus alternative herbal therapies are needed. Red onion peel (Allium cepa L.) contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins that potentially exhibit antibacterial activity. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of red onion peel against the growth of Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539.This study was an in vitro laboratory experimental study using a post-test only control group design. The population consisted of Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539 bacteria, while the samples were pure bacterial cultures grown on Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA). Samples were obtained using a simple random sampling technique. The study consisted of 14 groups, including positive control (0.1% chloramphenicol), negative control (10% DMSO), and treatment groups of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts at concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Data were collected using the well diffusion method by measuring inhibition zones with a caliper. Data analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test followed by One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Bonferroni test.Phytochemical screening showed that ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, whereas the n-hexane extract only contained alkaloids and saponins. The 100% ethyl acetate extract produced the largest mean inhibition zone of 9.17 mm, while the 40% concentration produced the smallest mean inhibition zone of 6.53 mm. The 100% ethanol extract produced a mean inhibition zone of 8.58 mm, while the 40% concentration produced 6.77 mm. The n-hexane extract showed no inhibition zone at all concentrations. One-Way ANOVA analysis demonstrated significant differences among treatment groups (p<0.05).Ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of red onion peel (Allium cepa L.) exhibited antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539 with moderate inhibitory strength, while the n-hexane extract showed no antibacterial activity. The 100% ethyl acetate extract was the most effective treatment in inhibiting bacterial growth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ferdiansyah Hakim, Hikmah Fitriani, Amanah Amanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Kualitatif Health Belief Model terhadap Keinginan Berhenti Merokok pada Mahasiswa Laki-Laki Fakultas Xxx Universitas Yyy
Smoking among health students reflects a gap between academic knowledge and personal health behavior. This article reports the qualitative component of a study that explored Health Belief Model constructs related to the intention to quit smoking among male students at Faculty xxx, University yyy. A qualitative descriptive approach was used through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 male student smokers from aaa, bbb, and ccc study programs, supported by one key institutional informant. Informants were selected using snowball sampling because smoking behavior in the campus context was sensitive and not formally recorded. Data were analyzed thematically through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings showed that students understood the health risks and severity of smoking, but perceived susceptibility was not always internalized personally. The perceived benefits of quitting included improved health, better stamina, psychological relief, economic savings, and professional credibility as future health workers. However, nicotine dependence, craving, academic stress, emotional regulation, peer pressure, and smoking routines were strong barriers to quitting. Cues to action emerged from family reminders, health information, clinical exposure, and smoke-free campus rules, while self-efficacy remained unstable. The study highlights that smoking cessation interventions should go beyond risk education by integrating psychological support, peer-based assistance, personal risk communication, and consistent institutional policy.
Copyright (c) 2026 El Vinta Rahmi, Adila Kasni Astiena, Husna Yetti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Persepsi dalam Health Belief Model pada Kesadaran Risiko Kontaminasi Bakteri di Kosmetik pada Mahasiswi Tata Kecantikan UNNES
Bacterial contamination in cosmetic products is frequently overlooked, despite posing considerable health risks particularly among users who habitually share cosmetic tools. This study aims to examine both the simultaneous and partial effects of Health Belief Model (HBM)-based perceptions on awareness of bacterial contamination risk in cosmetics. Employing a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional design, the study involved 208 active female students of the Cosmetology Education Study Program at Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) from the 2022–2025 cohorts, selected through simple random sampling. A Likert scale (1–5) was used to measure six HBM constructs perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy alongside risk awareness indicators. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results indicate that all variables fall within the high category. Bivariately, all six HBM constructs demonstrated positive and significant correlations with risk awareness (r = 0.533–0.833; p < 0.001), with cues to action showing the strongest association. Multivariately, the model accounted for 93.2% of variance in risk awareness (R2 = 0.932; F = 461.241; p < 0.001). Perceived benefits emerged as the most dominant predictor (B = 0.854; p < 0.001), while perceived barriers showed no significant partial effect (p = 0.132). These findings confirm that the HBM framework is a highly reliable predictor for mapping cosmetic bacterial contamination risk awareness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadiah Khairina Firamadania, Maria Krisnawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Perilaku Sedentari terhadap Kejadian Prehipertensi pada Mahasiswa Fisioterapi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana
Technological advancements and lifestyle changes in the modern era have led to a decline in physical activity across various groups of society, along with an increase in time spent working, studying, and engaging in screen-based activities. This phenomenon has given rise to a lifestyle characterized by minimal physical activity, known as a sedentary lifestyle or sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior has become an inseparable part of students’ lives due to academic demands and digital lifestyle patterns. If these habits are not balanced with adequate physical activity, they may increase the risk of various non-communicable diseases, including hypertension at a young age. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sedentary behavior and the incidence of prehypertension among university students. This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The participants were 73 students selected through purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sedentary behavior was measured using the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire, and prehypertension status was determined by measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between sedentary behavior and the incidence of prehypertension. A total of 25 respondents (34.2%) experienced prehypertension, while 48 respondents (65.8%) did not experience prehypertension. The Chi-Square test results showed no significant relationship between sedentary behavior and the incidence of prehypertension, with a p-value=0.457 (p > 0.05). Therefore, there was no significant relationship between sedentary behavior and the incidence of prehypertension among Physiotherapy students at the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University.
Copyright (c) 2026 Victoria Anastasia Ananda Putri, Ari Wibawa, Ni Luh Nopi Andayani, Ni Wayan Tianing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tinjauan Aspek Keamanan Informasi Data Pasien dalam Penerapan RME di RSUP dr. Sitanala
The implementation of EMR is part of the digital transformation of healthcare services aimed at improving service quality, efficiency, and accuracy of patient data management. However, this digitalization also poses challenges in maintaining the security of sensitive information, necessitating protection of data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This study aims to review the implementation of patient data information security aspects in the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system at Dr. Sitanala General Hospital. This research employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, collecting data through observation and in-depth interviews with eight informants, including the head of medical records, doctors, nurses, the head of IT, and IT staff. The analysis focused on six aspects of information security: privacy, integrity, authentication, availability, access control, and non-repudiation. The findings indicate that information security within the EMR system has generally been implemented adequately, with privacy and access control ensured through individual user accounts and role-based access restrictions, integrity maintained by limiting data modification authority, authentication conducted via username and password-based login mechanisms, availability supported by system reliability and data backup processes, and non-repudiation ensured through user activity logs. Nevertheless, weaknesses were identified in the automatic log-out feature, which has not yet functioned optimally and may pose potential security risks, highlighting the need for continuous evaluation and improvement to strengthen patient data protection and maintain public trust in healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sela abdiyana; Dina Sonia, Noerfitri, Bangga Agung Satrya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementasi Kegiatan Muhadharah dalam Meningkatkan Nilai-Nilai Keislaman di MTS Al Asyhar Sungonlegowo
Theoretical Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in classrooms has limitations in fully internalizing Islamic character values in students. Muhadhoroh activities serve as an applicative, habit-based solution to train psychological state, communication skills, and plant religious values simultaneously. This study aims to describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes of muhadhoroh activities, and analyze its role in enhancing students' values of aqidah, ibadah, and akhlak at MTs Al Asyhar Sungonlegowo. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method is applied in this research. The primary subjects include the headmaster, supervising teachers, and students. Data are gathered through non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation techniques. The data analysis utilizes an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The conceptual projection of this research proposal indicates that the transaction and trans-internalization stages of values within muhadhoroh are projected to foster discipline, responsibility, and strengthen students' Islamic character in daily life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kharis Abdul Rozzaq, Moh. Syafi’i https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan antara Aktivitas Fisik Harian dengan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar pada Anak di SDN 4 Pemecutan, Denpasar: Cross-Sectional Study
Gross motor skills are an important aspect of development in elementary school children and are influenced by various factors, one of which is daily physical activity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between daily physical activity and gross motor skills in elementary school children at SDN 4 Pemecutan, Denpasar. This study employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach involving 58 children aged 8–10 years selected through purposive sampling. Daily physical activity was measured using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C), while gross motor skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test. The results showed a significant relationship between daily physical activity and gross motor skills (p < 0.001; r = 0.472), indicating a moderate positive correlation. It can be concluded that daily physical activity is associated with gross motor skills in elementary school children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Komang Ayu Sanimita Ahrani, Made Hendra Satria Nugraha, Anak Agung Gede Eka Septian Utama, Ari Wibawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Simulasi Proses Distribusi dalam Peningkatan Kecepatan Pengiriman Dengan Pendekatan Business Process Improvement (BPI)
This study aims to analyze and improve the product distribution process at PT. Mulia Jaya, which experiences delivery delays. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using the Business Process Improvement (BPI) method supported by Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) modeling and simulation using Arena software. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation to identify value-added and non-value-added activities. The results indicate that delays are caused by high waiting times and bottlenecks in the product preparation and loading processes. Simulation results in the existing condition show that the average total distribution process time is 5.45 hours. Scenario 1 was conducted by adding a server to the loading process, reducing the process time to 5.07 hours or by 6.97%. Meanwhile, Scenario 2 involved adding transportation resources, resulting in an average process time of 5.25 hours or a reduction of 3.58%. Based on the simulation results, Scenario 1 is considered the most optimal improvement alternative because it provides the greatest reduction in process time and improves distribution efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vinda Ilman Nafiah; Putri Amelia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja pada Aktivitas Operasional Gudang Sortir Menggunakan Metode HIRADC
The rapid growth of the logistics and warehousing sector, particularly in sorting operations, has increased job complexity involving manual handling, repetitive movements, and operational pressure due to high distribution volumes. These conditions potentially elevate occupational safety risks and musculoskeletal disorders if not managed through a systematic occupational health and safety (OHS) risk management approach. This study aims to identify potential hazards and analyze risk levels in parcel sorting activities in a sorting warehouse using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC) method. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied through direct observation, interviews, and documentation across several sorting warehouses in Tangerang, Indonesia. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) was used to decompose work activities, followed by risk assessment based on likelihood and severity to determine risk levels and control recommendations. The results indicate that most activities fall under moderate risk, while loading activities into distribution vehicles represent the highest risk category. The dominant hazards are related to manual handling, repetitive movements, interaction with equipment, and inadequate housekeeping conditions. In addition, existing controls were found to be inconsistently implemented, reducing their effectiveness. This study concludes that the HIRADC approach provides a systematic overview of hazards and risk levels in sorting warehouse operations, serving as a basis for prioritizing more effective and context-based OHS control measures in the logistics sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Danisarah Prilly, Yatna Suhetna, Mirza Nafaru Haqa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pola Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Demam Tifoid di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rsud Waled Tahun 2023
Typhoid fever remains a significant public health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia, with high morbidity rates. Antibiotics are the main therapy for typhoid fever; however, irrational use may lead to antimicrobial resistance, increased treatment costs, and adverse effects. Therefore, evaluating the pattern of antibiotic use is essential to ensure rational therapy and improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to determine the pattern of antibiotic use among typhoid fever patients in the inpatient installation of RSUD Waled in 2023.This study employed a descriptive observational design with a retrospective approach using medical record data. A total sampling technique was applied, resulting in 88 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Variables observed included patient characteristics, types of antibiotics, dosage forms, duration of use, side effects, and allergic responses.The results showed that all patients were confirmed cases (100%), with the majority aged 6–11 years (40.9%) and predominantly male (51.1%). Most patients used BPJS health insurance (96.6%). Cephalosporins were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics (88.6%), mainly administered in parenteral form (77.3%). All patients received antibiotic therapy with appropriate duration according to guidelines (100%), and no side effects or allergic reactions were reported (100%). In conclusion, the pattern of antibiotic use in typhoid fever patients at RSUD Waled in 2023 was consistent with clinical guidelines, dominated by cephalosporin use, and showed no adverse effects or allergic reactions. These findings are important to support rational antibiotic use and to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance.*
Copyright (c) 2026 Bagas Dharma Utama, Sri Marfuati, Rama Samara Brajawikalpa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang, Tingkat Kecukupan Energi dan Zat Gizi Makro terhadap Status Gizi Remaja Sman 1 Kota Cirebon
Nutrional status is an important factor in determining a person’s quality of life. Adolescents must be able to choose healthy foods and must understand that food is always related to nutritional status and also health. Problems that often occur in adolescents are overweight and underweight. This study aims to determine the relationship between balanced nutrition knowledge, energy adequacy and macronutrients to the nutritional status of adolescents of SMAN 1 Cirebon City.This study is an observational analytical study with a cross sectional method. The sample of this study totaled 168 people using consecutive sampling as a sampling technique. Knowledge data was collected using questionnaires and energy intake data and macro substances using a 24-hour food recall. In the multivariate statistical test of ordinal logistic regression, a significant relationship was found between the level of energy adequacy (p 0.003) and protein intake (p 0.010) on the nutritional status of adolescents.There was no relationship between balanced nutrition knowledge, carbohydrate intake and fat intake on adolescent nutritional status and there was a significant relationship between energy adequacy and protein intake on adolescent nutritional status.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annida Hanna Maula Azzahra, M. Duddy Satrianugraha Wahidin, Ali Manfaluthi Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Durasi Cross-Legged Sitting (CLS) dengan Gejala Nyeri Panggul pada Mahasiswi Fisioterapi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana
Unergonomic sitting positions, especially cross-legged sitting (CLS), are often maintained by female students in academic activities and have the potential to cause musculoskeletal complaints such as pelvic pain. This study aims to analyze the relationship between CLS duration and pelvic pain symptoms in female physiotherapy students. This study used an observational cross-sectional analytical design with 100 respondents aged 18–22 years old selected based on inclusion criteria. Data regarding CLS habits and pelvic pain symptoms were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Spearman's correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents sat CLS for less than 15 minutes, some for 15–30 minutes, and a little more than 30 minutes, with pelvic pain complaints varying from mild to moderate categories. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between CLS duration and pelvic pain (p < 0.001; ρ = 0.543), with moderate strength and positive direction. There is a significant relationship between CLS duration and pelvic pain, indicating that the longer the CLS position is maintained, the greater the tendency to experience pelvic pain symptoms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Victoria Putri Jegaut, Gede Parta Kinandana, Ni Luh Putu Gita Karunia Saraswati, Sayu Aryantari Putri Thanaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pemanfaatan Situs Sejarah Lokal Tugu Pancakara Ngesthi Aruming Bawana Sebagai Sumber Belajar Kontekstual Pembelajaran IPAS di Sekolah Dasar
Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial (IPAS) di tingkat sekolah dasar acap kali terpusat pada buku teks, menjadikan pemahaman sejarah terasa abstrak bagi kognisi anak. Fenomena ini tercermin pada siswa kelas VI di SDN Jarangan II, yang mayoritas belum mampu mengidentifikasi dan merefleksikan peristiwa sejarah lokal secara akurat. Untuk mengatasi kesenjangan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi implementasi Tugu Pancakara Ngesthi Aruming Bawana sebagai sumber belajar kontekstual, serta mengevaluasi dampaknya terhadap pemahaman siswa. Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan melibatkan observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi langsung dengan situs sejarah lokal mampu mentransformasi materi hafalan menjadi pengalaman visual dan emosional yang otentik. Pemanfaatan monumen ini terbukti secara signifikan mendongkrak antusiasme, keaktifan, dan pemahaman kognitif siswa mengenai rentetan sejarah lokal. Kesimpulannya, pengintegrasian lingkungan sekitar sebagai sumber belajar merupakan strategi pedagogis yang amat efektif untuk menjembatani teori dan realitas, sekaligus merawat memori kolektif dan nasionalisme pada peserta didik.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mukhamad Fatkhan, Onik Farida Ni’matullah, Endang Surjati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Karangsembung
Hypertension is a non-communicable disease requiring long-term treatment and is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular complications. Adherence to antihypertensive medication is essential to maintain stable blood pressure and prevent complications. One of the factors influencing medication adherence is family support. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family support and medication adherence among hypertensive patients at Karangsembung Health Center, Cirebon Regency, in 2024. This study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of hypertensive patients in the working area of Karangsembung Health Center, with a sample of 96 respondents selected using consecutive sampling technique. The independent variable was family support, while the dependent variable was medication adherence. Data were collected using a family support questionnaire, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), and medical records. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that most respondents had good family support, namely 63 respondents (65.6%), and the majority were adherent to medication, namely 73 respondents (76.0%). The Spearman Rank test showed a p-value of 0.000 (≤0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.550, indicating a positive relationship with moderate correlation strength. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between family support and medication adherence among hypertensive patients at Karangsembung Health Center, where better family support is associated with higher medication adherence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Novan Ibrahim, Sri Marfuati, Nanang Ruhyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Keefektifan Pembelajaran Menulis Cerpen dengan Model Project Based Learning dan Model Sinektik yang Bermuatan Nilai-Nilai Anti-Bullying bagi Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 8 Semarang
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of teaching short story writing using the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model and the Synectics model, both of which incorporate anti-bullying values, and to compare the effectiveness of the two. The study employed a quantitative approach using a nonequivalent control group design with eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 8 Semarang, with two classes as the sample: Class VIII A (PjBL) and Class VIII B (Synectics). Data were collected through pretests, posttests, and observations, then analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, Paired Sample t-tests, N-Gain, and Independent Sample t-tests. The results showed that the average N-Gain score for the PjBL model was 59.17% and for the Synectics model was 61.50%, both falling into the moderate category (moderately effective). The Independent Sample t-test showed no significant difference between the two models (Sig. 0.661 > 0.05), although the Synectic model was slightly superior by a margin of 2.33%. Thus, both learning models are equally effective and have comparable levels of effectiveness; however, the Synectics learning model outperforms the PjBL model in terms of N-gain percentage for teaching short story writing with anti-bullying themes
Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Nugraheni, Zuliyanti Zuliyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Adsorpsi Zat Warna Remazol Brilliant Blue R dengan Adsorben Arang Aktif dari Kayu Kopi (Coffea sp.)
This study aims to evaluate the characteristics, adsorption efficiency, and parameters of adsorption isotherm of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye using coffee wood activated charcoal. The adsorbent was synthesized through a manual charring process followed by chemical activation using CaCl2. Adsorbent characterization includes proximate analysis using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and surface morphology observation using Scanning Electron Microscope-EDX (SEM-EDX). The results of the proximate analysis showed volatile matter 31.223%, water content 12.21%, ash content 3.06%, total fixed carbon 53.50% and iodine number of 368.097 mg/g. Meanwhile, the activated charcoal CaCl2 has a volatile matter analysis result of 27.17%, water content of 19.90%, ash content of 11.66%, total fixed carbon of 41.28%, and iodine number of 387.1365 mg/g. The surface morphology of the activated charcoal with CaCl2, qualitatively has more cavities than the unactivated charcoal. Effective efficiency if carried out using activated charcoal with CaCl2 at a contact time of 105 minutes (%E = 28.5737), pH 4 (%E = 36.3948), and a concentration of 20 mg/L (%E = 31.8081). This absorption mechanism follows the Langmuir isotherm pattern.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bella Puja Prismalasari; I Nyoman Sukarta, Made Vivi Oviantari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Perbandingan Kemampuan Problem Solving pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun Antara Stimulasi Bermain Terstruktur dan Bermain Bebas di Kota Denpasar
Problem-solving ability is a part of cognitive development that plays an important role in children’s ability to think, understand, and solve simple problems according to their developmental stage. Technological advancement has led to increased gadget use among early childhood children, which may reduce play activities and potentially result in suboptimal cognitive development, including problem-solving abilities. Children aged 4–5 years are in the early preschool phase, a crucial period in development, where appropriate play stimulation is needed to support cognitive growth. Structured play stimulation provides goal-directed activities aligned with developmental objectives, while free play allows children to explore independently. Objective: This study aimed to compare problem-solving abilities among children aged 4–5 years who received structured play stimulation and those who engaged in free play activities in Denpasar City. Methods: This study used an analytical observational design with a comparative cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 140 children aged 4–5 years divided into two groups using purposive sampling technique. Problem-solving ability was measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3) problem-solving domain, while the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) was used as a control variable. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: A significant difference in problem-solving ability was found between the structured play group and the free play group (p=0.003), with the structured play group showing a higher mean rank (78.69) compared to the free play group (62.31). Conclusion: There was a significant difference in problem-solving ability among children aged 4–5 years between the structured play group and the free play group. Structured play stimulation demonstrated better outcomes in supporting problem-solving abilities among preschool-aged children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sindy Firdaus, I Gede Eka Juli Prasana, Indah Pramita, Sayu Aryantari Putri Thanaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Persepsi Mahasiswi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi terhadap Vaksinasi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women and a leading cause of death worldwide, including in Indonesia. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been recommended, yet vaccination coverage remains very low. This study employs the Health Belief Model, which consists of perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. This study aims to determine the perceptions of female students at the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi regarding HPV vaccination, to determine HPV vaccination coverage among female students at the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University, and to identify whether there is a gap between intentions and HPV vaccination behavior. This study employed a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional method, with the subjects being 218 active female students from the 2025 cohort at the Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University students. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms.The study results showed that perceived vulnerability (59.2%), perceived severity (94.5%), perceived benefits (99.1%), perceived barriers (88.1%), and perceived cues to act (69.7%)—all in the positive category, with HPV vaccination coverage at only 0.9% and an 82.6% gap between intentions and HPV vaccination behavior. Positive perceptions of vulnerability, severity, and benefits result in strong intentions, but perceptions of barriers dominate, leading to low actual behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eliana Dione Kristine Ladedu, Chreisye K. F. Mandagi, Febi K. Kolibu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Morfologi dan Kekuatan Otot Quadriceps Femoris dengan Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome pada Olahragawan
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by anterior knee pain that commonly occurs in athletes. The development of PFPS is multifactorial, one of which is weakness of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Specifically, atrophy of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscle may also contribute to knee instability, which is associated with a greater risk of sports-related injuries. This study aimed to determine the relationship between quadriceps femoris muscle morphology, muscle strength, and PFPS in athletes. This study employed a cross-sectional design involving 74 athletes aged 16–22 years selected through purposive sampling. Muscle morphology was assessed by measuring the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the VMO using musculoskeletal ultrasonography. Muscle strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer, while PFPS was identified using the Kujala Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rho bivariate test.The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between VMO CSA morphology and Kujala scores (r = 0.24; p = 0.040), as well as between VMO CSA morphology and quadriceps femoris muscle strength (r = 0.30; p = 0.011). However, no significant correlation was found between quadriceps femoris muscle strength and Kujala scores (r = 0.22; p = 0.061). The morphology of the VMO muscle was significantly associated with the incidence of PFPS and quadriceps femoris muscle strength in athletes. These findings support the use of VMO CSA symmetry monitoring as part of early PFPS risk screening and emphasize the importance of a multisegmental approach in PFPS prevention programs for athletes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Putu Diah Asyana Putri, I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya, I Gede Eka Juli Prasana, Govinda Vittala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kesesuaian Pediatric Nutritional Risk Score dengan Diagnosis Malnutrisi pada Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Waled Kabupaten Cirebon
Malnutrition in children remains a common health problem among hospitalized pediatric patients and may increase the risk of complications, length of stay, and mortality. Pediatric Nutritional Risk Score (PNRS) is one of the screening methods used to identify the risk of malnutrition in children at an early stage. This study aimed to determine the suitability of Pediatric Nutritional Risk Score with the diagnosis of malnutrition in children at Waled Regional General Hospital, Cirebon Regency. This study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of all pediatric inpatients at Waled Regional General Hospital, Cirebon Regency. Samples were selected using consecutive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variables included Pediatric Nutritional Risk Score results and malnutrition diagnosis based on anthropometric parameters. Data were collected from medical records and observation sheets. Data analysis was performed using agreement tests by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and Kappa statistical tests. The results showed that Pediatric Nutritional Risk Score had a fairly good suitability with the diagnosis of malnutrition in pediatric patients. Most patients with high-risk PNRS scores were also diagnosed with malnutrition based on anthropometric assessment. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant association between PNRS results and the diagnosis of malnutrition in children. Pediatric Nutritional Risk Score has a good level of suitability with the diagnosis of malnutrition in children and can be used as an initial screening method to detect the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized pediatric patients at Waled Regional General Hospital, Cirebon Regency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Firda Nafisa, Ali Manfaluthi Ahmad, Ineu Nopita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Bibliometrik Penelitian Digital Divide Dalam Konteks Akses Dan Literasi Media Digital
The rapid development of digital technologies and the increasing global internet penetration have driven significant transformations across various sectors of life, while simultaneously intensifying the phenomenon of the digital divide. This inequality is not only related to limited access to technology, but also involves low levels of digital media literacy that affect individuals’ ability to effectively utilize information. Therefore, this study aims to map the development and scientific structure of digital divide research in the context of digital access and media literacy using a bibliometric approach. The data were obtained from the Scopus database, consisting of 124 scientific documents published between 2015 and 2025. The analysis was conducted using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer to generate visualizations such as keyword density maps, co-occurrence networks, and the distribution of contributions by authors and countries. The results indicate that digital divideresearch is dominated by key themes such as digital divide, internet access, digital literacy, and media literacy, which are conceptually interconnected. In addition, there is a significant growth in publications with an annual growth rate of 28.47%, involving 427 authors with a relatively high level of collaboration. These findings suggest that the issue of the digital divide is gaining increasing global attention and continues to develop dynamically. This study highlights the importance of integrating technological access and digital literacy as a strategic effort to reduce the digital divide in the future
Copyright (c) 2026 Magfirah Ramadanti; Muliadi Mau, Alem Febri Sonni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Durasi Duduk dan Frekuensi Olahraga dengan Derajat Fungsional Low Back Pain pada Pegawai di Sekretariat Daerah Kota Cirebon
Low Back Pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder commonly experienced by office workers due to prolonged sitting duration and low physical activity. This condition may reduce functional ability and work productivity. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sitting duration and exercise frequency with the functional degree of Low Back Pain among employees at the Regional Secretariat of Cirebon City. This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of civil servant employees at the Regional Secretariat of Cirebon City with a total sample of 38 respondents selected using consecutive sampling technique. Independent variables were sitting duration and exercise frequency, while the dependent variable was the functional degree of Low Back Pain. Data were collected using sitting duration questionnaires, exercise frequency questionnaires, and the Back Pain Functional Scale (BPFS). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with Spearman correlation test at a significance level of p<0.05. Most respondents had prolonged sitting duration (>4 hours/day) as many as 24 respondents (63.2%) and occasional exercise frequency (1–2 times/week) as many as 26 respondents (68.4%). The median functional degree of Low Back Pain was 92.5% ± 8.92%. Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between sitting duration and the functional degree of Low Back Pain (p=0.345), as well as between exercise frequency and the functional degree of Low Back Pain (p=0.413).There was no significant relationship between sitting duration and exercise frequency with the functional degree of Low Back Pain among employees at the Regional Secretariat of Cirebon City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lintang Azahra Anggun Pratiwi, Kati Sriwiyati, Moh Irwan Dharmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Fleksibilitas Otot Hamstring pada Anak Usia 9-12 Tahun di SD Negeri 4 Pemecutan
Hamstring muscle flexibility is an important component of children’s physical fitness that may be influenced by physical activity. Low physical activity and increased sedentary behavior among elementary school children may reduce muscle elasticity, including hamstring flexibility. This study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity and hamstring muscle flexibility in children aged 9-12 years at SD Negeri 4 Pemecutan. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 95 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Physical activity was measured using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), while hamstring flexibility was measured using the Sit and Reach Test. Data were analyzed descriptively and bivariately using the Spearman rho test. The results showed that most respondents had a moderate level of physical activity, with 60 respondents (63.2%). Hamstring flexibility was mostly categorized as good, with 25 respondents (26.3%). The Spearman rho test showed a p-value of 0.251 (p > 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.119. In conclusion, there was no significant relationship between physical activity and hamstring muscle flexibility in children aged 9-12 years at SD Negeri 4 Pemecutan. The positive correlation indicated that higher physical activity tended to be associated with better hamstring flexibility, although the relationship was very weak.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Putu Preti, Indah Pramita, Gede Parta Kinandana, I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Terhadap Candida albicans pada Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Bunga Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.)
Infeksi jamur yang disebabkan Candida albicans menimbulkan tantangan kesehatan yang banyak terjadi pada masyarakat, sehingga diperlukan alternatif pengobatan alami. Daun bunga sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin yang berpotensi sebagai antijamur yang aman. Penggunaan ekstrak daun sepatu secara langsung kurang praktis, sehingga diformulasikan menjadi sediaan gel yang dengan sensasi dingin, melembabkan dan melindungi kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan dan menguji aktivitas antifungi gel ekstrak daun bunga sepatu dengan variasi konsentrasi F1 2,5%, F2 3%, F3 3,5% terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain Post-test Only Control Design. Ekstrak daun bunga sepatu diperoleh melalui maserasi dengan etanol 70%. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sediaan gel seluruh formula memenuhi sediaan semisolid yang baik meliputi organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya lekat dan daya sebar sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Pada pengujian antifungi adanya daya hambat pada formulasi 1 (4,85 mm), formulasi 2 (6,87 mm), formulasi 3 (10,79 mm), kontrol positif (21,08 mm). Hasil analisis data One Way ANOVA seluruh pengujian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara formulasi dengan p < 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan gel ekstrak daun bunga sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) memiliki aktivitas antifungi dengan daya hambat paling optimal pada Formulasi 3 (3,5%).
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Ulfatun Ni’mah, Riana Putri Rahmawati, Fahrudin Arif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exogenous Cushing Syndrome pada Kasus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a group of signs and symptoms caused by chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids. There are two types of Cushing's syndrome, endogenous and exogenous. Exogenous Cushing's syndrome, is a consequence of prolonged exposure to glucocorticoid drugs. Hypercortisolism is characterized by specific clinical features (moon face, facial plethora, striae rubrae, and supraclavicular and dorsal fat pads), as well as metabolic complications such as visceral obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, and detrimental effects on the brain, including hippocampal damage and memory impairment. Exogenous Cushing's syndrome is characterized by low serum cortisol levels in the morning. Discontinuation of exogenous glucocorticoids is the main pillar that must be carried out in exogenous Cushing's syndrome
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gusti Agung Ayu Indrayuni, Wira Gotera, Ida Bagus Aditya Nugraha3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
HUBUNGAN ANTARA DURASI DUDUK DENGAN TIGHTNESS OTOT HAMSTRING PADA PEDAGANG DI PANTAI KUTA, KABUPATEN BADUNG
Prolonged sitting duration is part of sedentary behavior that can affect muscle condition, particularly the hamstring muscles. Sitting for extended periods causes the hamstring muscles to remain in a continuously shortened position, which may lead to hamstring muscle tightness. Traditional market sellers are one of the occupational groups at risk of experiencing this condition due to their work activities, which are dominated by long sitting duration. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between sitting duration and hamstring muscle tightness among traditional market sellers at Kuta Beach.This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The subject consisted of 52 selected using purposive sampling technique. Sitting duration data were obtained through interviews using a questionnaire, while hamstring muscle tightness was measured using the Active knee extension method. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rho test to determine the relationship between sitting duration and hamstring muscle tightness.The results showed that most traditional market sellers had long sitting duration and experienced moderate to severe hamstring muscle tightness. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between sitting duration and hamstring muscle tightness (p = 0.002) with a moderate correlation strength (r = 0.420) and a positive direction, indicating that longer sitting duration is associated with higher levels of hamstring muscle tightness.In conclusion, sitting duration has a significant relationship with hamstring muscle tightness among traditional market sellers at Kuta Beach. Therefore, reducing prolonged sitting duration and performing regular stretching are recommended to prevent increased hamstring muscle tightness among traditional market seller.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Putu Intan Sekarini, I Putu Yudi Pramana Putra, Ari Wibawa , Made Hendra Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gambaran Pengelolaan Obat di Puskesmas Oemasi Kabupaten Kupang
Drug management is an important component in ensuring the quality of health services at public health centres. Non-optimal implementation can cause problems such as stock shortage, excess drugs, and expired drugs. Based on the initial data, there is still a discrepancy between the needs and availability of drugs as well as obstacles in the storage and distribution of drugs at the Oemasi Health Centre. This research aims to describe the implementation of drug management which includes planning, procurement, receipt, storage, distribution, control, and drug destruction. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Informants are selected by purposive sampling which consists of 7 informants. Data collection is carried out through in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. The data obtained is then processed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, as well as analysed qualitatively with a thematic approach to identify patterns and problems in drug management. The research results show that drug management has been running but not yet optimised. Planning and procurement refer to previous data, but there is still a mismatch of needs. Storage has not met the standard due to limited facilities. Distribution is still manual and evaluation is not routine. Stock control is not optimal so there is a difference between physical stock and record. Expired drugs are still found due to administrative constraints. It is concluded that the drug management at the Oemasi Health Centre is not fully in accordance with standards, especially in the aspects of storage, distribution, control, and destruction. It is necessary to improve the recording system, improve infrastructure, and strengthen supervision so that drug management can run more effectively and efficiently.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jasmine Margareth Totos, Serlie K. A. Littik, Tanti Rahayu, Fransiskus G. Mado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Beyond The Red Eye: Rational Clinical Management And Antibiotic Stewardship In Pediatric Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis At Primary Care Level
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is one of the most common ocular conditions encountered in pediatric primary healthcare services. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacterial infection and may lead to discomfort, temporary visual disturbance, and increased transmission risk among household contacts and school-aged children. Although many cases are self-limiting, prompt diagnosis and appropriate management remain important to accelerate clinical recovery and reduce unnecessary antibiotic exposure. This paper aims to discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and follow-up outcomes of pediatric acute bacterial conjunctivitis in a community health center while emphasizing the importance of antibiotic stewardship in primary care practice. Clinically, bacterial conjunctivitis commonly presents with conjunctival hyperemia, mucopurulent discharge, eyelid sticking upon waking, and mild ocular irritation. Diagnosis is primarily established through history taking and ophthalmologic examination, including visual acuity assessment and anterior segment evaluation to exclude corneal involvement or other serious ocular conditions. Management includes topical antibiotic therapy, hygiene education, and monitoring for clinical improvement. In this case, significant improvement was observed after treatment, demonstrated by resolution of conjunctival injection and disappearance of ocular discharge during follow-up evaluation. Early clinical recognition and rational antibiotic use are essential to optimize patient outcomes while minimizing antimicrobial resistance in primary healthcare settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lalu Hermawan Ranova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Solasi Senyawa Bioaktif Golongan Flavonoid dari Getah Kemenyan Sumatra (Styrax benzoin)
Sumatran benzoin resin (Styrax benzoin) is a non-timber forest product with strong potential as a source of bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids known for their antioxidant properties. However, studies on flavonoid isolation from this resin remain limited. This study aims to isolate flavonoid fractions, determine total flavonoid content of benzoin resin extract.The method involved extraction by maceration using 70% methanol, followed by isolation processes including phytochemical screening, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC), and column chromatography. Functional group identification was conducted using FTIR analysis. Total flavonoid content was determined using a spectrophotometric method with quercetin as the standard, resulting in a linear calibration curve with an R² value of 0.989. The results showed an average total flavonoid content of 6.0381 mgQE/g extract.Overall, the findings indicate that the methanol extract of benzoin resin contains a relatively high level of flavonoids. These results suggest that benzoin resin has promising potential to be developed as a natural source for health and pharmaceutical applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elizabet Silaban, Manihar Situmorang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Formulasi dan Uji Antibakteri Sediaan Pasta Gigi Ekstrak Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) dengan Bovine Hidroksiapatit (BHA)
Dental caries is an oral health problem caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa) contains secondary metabolites that have potential as antibacterial agent, while bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) serves as a dental remineralizing agent. This study aims to formulate parijoto fruit extract toothpaste with BHA and evaluate its physical quality and antibacterial activity. This laboratory experimental study used four formulas, namely F0 (without extract), F1 (12.5% extract), F2 (15% extract), and F3 (17.5% parijoto extract). The extract was obtained by maceration method using 70% ethanol. Physical quality evaluation included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and foam height, while antibacterial activity was tested by agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. The Data were analyzed using statistical tests with significance level p < 0.05. Phytochemical screening results showed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. All formulas meet the physical quality requirements of toothpaste based on SNI 12-3524-1995. The pH values F0–F3 are 9,30 ± 0,05; 5,61 ± 0,03; 5,53 ± 0,03; and 5.75 ° 0.05. The variation of extract concentration significantly affected the viscosity and foam height (p < 0.05). Antibacterial test results showed that F3 has the highest inhibitory power against Staphylococcus aureus and significantly different from the positive control (p < 0.05). Based on the results of research, parijoto fruit extract with BHA has the potential as a toothpaste preparation with good physical quality and antibacterial activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teguh Imanto, Ronindya Gerry Aprastya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Tinggi Badan terhadap Fungsional Bahu pada Pitcher Baseball di Bali
Baseball pitchers are overhead athletes at high risk of shoulder dysfunction due to repetitive pitching movements with high biomechanical loads. Height can help increase a pitcher's throwing velocity but is also thought to contribute to increased mechanical loads on the shoulder during pitching through increased arm length, stride length, and shoulder torque. However, the relationship between height and shoulder function in baseball pitchers remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between height and shoulder function in baseball pitchers in Bali. The study used a cross-sectional design with 100 baseball pitchers aged 15–25 years selected by purposive sampling. Height was measured using a stadiometer, while shoulder function was measured using the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (KJOC) Score questionnaire. Statistical analysis used the Spearman's rho bivariate test. A significant negative relationship was found between height and KJOC score (r=-0.119 and p=0.240). These findings indicate that height has no significant relationship to shoulder function in baseball pitchers in Bali. Shoulder function is thought to be more influenced by other factors such as pitching biomechanics, neuromuscular control, muscle strength, and adaptation to repetitive pitching activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Januardha Valerio Itta, I Gede Eka Juli Prasana, Ni Luh Nopi Andayani, Anak Agung Gede Angga Puspa Negara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pencemaran Mikroplastik Di Perairan dan Dampaknya terhadap Organisme Perikanan: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis
Microplastic pollution in aquatic environments has emerged as a pressing global environmental concern; however, a comprehensive understanding of its extent and impacts in Indonesia remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the levels and distribution of microplastic contamination across different water body types in Indonesia, identify the characteristics of microplastics found, assess their impacts on fishery organisms, and identify factors influencing contamination and organism vulnerability. A systematic literature review (SLR) following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted, analyzing 17 empirical research articles published between 2021 and 2026 that met pre-defined inclusion criteria. Results revealed that microplastics were detected across all water body types examined—including rivers, reservoirs, lakes, coastal areas, open sea, and mangrove ecosystems—with concentrations ranging from 0.012–0.42 particles/L in water, 320–1,710 particles/kg dry weight in sediment, and 0.5–8.7 particles/individual in organisms. Fiber was the dominant morphological form (94.1% of studies), with polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) as the most prevalent polymers, and particles <1 mm in size being the most commonly reported. Impacts on fishery organisms included accumulation prevalence approaching 100% in all fish species studied, histopathological damage to gills, liver, and intestines, elevated oxidative stress (increased MDA, altered SOD and CAT activity), and identified trophic transfer in several ecosystems. The primary factors driving contamination were domestic waste (textile fibers), water hydrodynamics, ecosystem type, and organism feeding habits. These findings underscore the urgency of strengthening plastic waste management regulations, standardizing monitoring protocols, and expanding research coverage beyond the island of Java.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tiara Zirianda; Abdunnur, Heni Pagoray, Fitriyana, Komsanah Sukarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Kekuatan Otot Quadriceps dan Posisi Patella terhadap Fungsi Lutut pada Olahragawan
Knee function is the ability of the knee joint to perform movements or activities without pain or limitations such as walking, running, jumping or going up and down stairs. Athletes demand optimal knee conditions with complex movements requiring quadriceps muscle strength and good patellar position, if there is weakness of the quadriceps muscle it can cause an unbalanced pull between the medial and lateral knee. This causes the patella position to experience pulling or tracking which can increase the patellofemoral joint and impact knee function due to pain. This study aims to determine the relationship between quadriceps muscle strength and patellar position to knee function in athletes. This study used a cross-sectional design with 75 athletes aged 15-22 years selected by purposive sampling technique. Quadriceps muscle strength was measured with a hand-held dynamometer, patellar position by visual inspection of the patellar tendon using ultrasonography and knee function with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Statistical analysis used the Spearman's rho bivariate test. A significant correlation was found between left quadriceps muscle strength and the KOOS QOL domain (p=0.031, r=0.250), and a significant correlation was found between right patellar position and the KOOS ADL domain (p=0.042, r=-0.236), but no correlation was found for the other KOOS domains. There was a significant correlation between left quadriceps muscle strength and KOOS QOL, and there was a significant correlation between right patellar position and KOOS ADL in athletes. These findings support the role of quadriceps muscle strength and optimal patellar position in improving knee function.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luh Gede Risma Yanti, I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya, Ari Wibawa, I Made Niko Winaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Pemeringkatan Bintang Jalan Akses Pasar Keputran Kota Surabaya
Major cities in Indonesia face various challenges in public services, particularly in the transportation sector, where traffic congestion has become an increasingly complex issue. Surabaya, as one of the metropolitan cities with a population of 2,893,698, has experienced a significant increase in the number of motor vehicles, reaching more than 4 million units in 2022. This condition has contributed to the decline in road network performance, especially in areas with high economic activity such as Pasar Keputran. This traditional market serves as a major distribution center for vegetables and food commodities, with intensive activities occurring both during the day and at night. The main problems identified include illegal parking, limited parking facilities, loading and unloading activities on the roadway, and inadequate road width. These factors disrupt traffic flow, reduce the level of service of the roads, and increase the risk of traffic accidents. This study aims to analyze the functional feasibility and service quality of road segments providing access to Pasar Keputran based on the criteria outlined in the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Housing No. 4 of 2023 concerning Road Functional Feasibility Guidelines. The method used is the Star Rating Score (SRS), which considers safety aspects, geometric and physical road conditions, land use, and traffic flow characteristics. Data were collected through field observations and technical assessments in accordance with applicable standards. The results of this study are expected to provide a basis for local governments in formulating traffic management policies, optimizing road functions, and improving safety as well as the quality of public services in the Pasar Keputran area of Surabaya in a sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vicky Kheir Riva; Nurani Hartatik, Mochamad Firmansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gambaran Pasien Stroke terhadap Skor NIHSS di Rumah Sakit Daerah Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon
Stroke is a neurological emergency that leads to disability and death. NIHSS is used to measure stroke severity, with factors including age, gender, and blod pressure. Aim : To determine the profile of stroke patients based on NIHSS scores at RSD Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon. Methods : This study is a descriptive observational study using medical record data. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling, specifically purposive sampling . Results : Of the 70 stroke patients at Rumah Sakit Daerah Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon, 72.9% had ischemic stroke, and 27.1% had hemorrhagic stroke. The majority of ischemic stroke patients had grade II hypertension (59.6%), and hemorrhagic stroke patients also predominantly had grade II hypertension (40.4%). Ischemic stroke patients generally had severe NIHSS scores, while hemorrhagic stroke patients tended to have very severe scores. Males dominated both ischemic stroke (68.4%) and hemorrhagic stroke (31.6%). Middle-aged and young adults were the most affected by ischemic stroke, while hemorrhagic stroke was more common in young adults and the elderly. Conclusion : At RSD Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon, the majority of stroke patients experienced ischemic stroke, while the remainder had hemorrhagic stroke. Most ischemic stroke patients had grade II hypertension, and the same was observed in hemorrhagic stroke patients. Ischemic stroke was more often associated with severe NIHSS scores, whereas hemorrhagic stroke was frequently classified as very severe. Males were more dominant in both types of stroke, with ischemic stroke patients mostly in the middle-aged and young categories, while hemorrhagic stroke occurred more frequently in young adults and the elderly.
Copyright (c) 2026 Devinda Salva Krisna Larasati, Dasa Sariadi, Agus Kusnandang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Kekuatan Otot Tungkai Dengan Keseimbangan Dinamis Dan Kelincahan Pada Pemain Bulu Tangkis Rekreasional Di Kota Denpasar
Badminton is a sport that requires physical abilities such as lower limb muscle strength, dynamic balance, and agility to support movement performance on the court. These components play important roles in body stability, changes of direction, acceleration, deceleration, and movement speed. This study aimed to determine the relationship between lower limb muscle strength, dynamic balance, and agility among recreational badminton players in Denpasar City. This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 60 recreational badminton players were selected using purposive sampling. Lower limb muscle strength was measured using a leg dynamometer, dynamic balance was assessed using the Y-Balance Test, and agility was evaluated using the Agility T-Test. Data were analyzed using Spearman rho correlation because one variable was not normally distributed. The results showed no significant relationship between lower limb muscle strength and dynamic balance (r = 0.215; p = 0.100). However, a significant relationship was found between lower limb muscle strength and agility (r = -0.618; p = 0.000). The negative correlation indicates that higher lower limb muscle strength is associated with shorter Agility T-Test completion time, reflecting better agility performance. In conclusion, lower limb muscle strength was not significantly associated with dynamic balance but was significantly associated with agility among recreational badminton players in Denpasar City.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Wayan Denny Darmawan, Sayu Aryantari Putri Thanaya, Ni Wayan Tianing, Indah Pramita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0