Literature Review : Efektivitas Intervensi Manajemen Keperawatan Pada Penatalaksanaan Nonfarmakologis Pasien Hipertensi Di Rumah Sakit

Abstract

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease with a high prevalence and serves as a major risk factor for various cardiovascular complications. In addition to pharmacological therapy, the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions through evidence-based nursing care management plays a crucial role in helping to control blood pressure and improve patients' quality of life. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of nursing care management interventions in the non-pharmacological management of hypertensive patients in hospitals, based on the results of a literature review. Methods: This study employed a literature review method following PRISMA guidelines. Article searches were conducted using inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the PICOS framework. The quality of selected articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: The literature review results indicate that various non-pharmacological interventions—including abdominal deep breathing exercises, Benson's spiritual relaxation, lavender aromatherapy, pursed-lip breathing with number counting, and progressive muscle relaxation combined with antihypertensive therapy—are effective in helping to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Conclusion: Ten articles—comprising five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five quasi-experimental studies—demonstrate that non-pharmacological interventions are effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Limitations include variations in study design, respondent characteristics, types of interventions, and study duration. Overall, non-pharmacological interventions can serve as a supportive strategy for controlling blood pressure in hypertensive patients.