Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Campak Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Blang Pidie Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya Tahun 2025

Abstract

Measles is an infection caused by the Measles morbillivirus virus that is highly contagious and has the potential to trigger severe complications such as pneumonia, acute diarrhea, encephalitis, and even death, particularly in children under five years old. Although immunization is available as a preventive measure, measles cases remain an unresolved public health burden. During the period from June to December 2025, 40 cases of measles were recorded in the Working Area of the Blang Pidie Health Center, Southwest Aceh Regency—the highest number in the district. This study employed a quantitative approach using a case-control design to identify and analyze factors that increase the risk of measles in toddlers in the same health center's working area throughout 2025. The study population included 1,415 toddlers registered in the Blang Pidie Health Center's working area. From this number, 80 respondents were selected as samples with a 1:1 ratio, consisting of 40 toddlers in the case group and 40 toddlers in the control group. Data collection was conducted through interviews using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Bivariate analysis was then applied using the Chi-Square test at a 95% confidence level with an α value of 0.05. The study findings revealed that there was no significant correlation between measles immunization status and the incidence of the disease in toddlers (p-value = 0.0797; OR = 1.307). Similarly, the level of maternal knowledge was not associated with measles incidence (p-value = 0.0612; OR = 0.677). Furthermore, neither the father's educational background (p-value = 0.743) nor the mother's education (p-value = 0.929) showed a significant relationship with measles cases in children under five years old. The analysis results indicated that several variables had no significant relationship with measles incidence in toddlers. These factors include measles immunization status (OR = 1.307), maternal knowledge (OR = 0.677), and the educational levels of both father and mother. However, toddlers who did not receive complete immunization faced a 1.3 times higher risk of contracting measles. The Southwest Aceh Regency Health Office should intensify the measles and MR vaccination program, expand health education for the community, and conduct routine evaluations of immunization achievements to reduce the number of measles cases in children under five years old.