Ketepatan Waktu Dan Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dalam Hubungannya Dengan Kejadian Suspek Campak Pada Balita Di Kota Palopo Tahun 2026

Abstract

Measles is a highly contagious acute viral disease with a basic reproduction number (R₀) of 12–18, requiring at least 95% immunization coverage to achieve herd immunity. Palopo City experienced an increase in suspected measles cases during the first quarter of 2026, with 69 reported cases, more than 60% of which had no history of immunization. Timeliness and completeness of immunization, as indicators of parental compliance, are often overlooked compared to immunization coverage alone. This study aimed to analyze the association between immunization timeliness and completeness and the occurrence of suspected measles among children under five years of age in Palopo City in 2026. A case-control study was conducted involving all children aged 9–59 months diagnosed with suspected measles between January and March 2026 as the case population. The sample consisted of 37 cases (total sampling) and 37 controls matched 1:1 by sex and age group. Data were collected through structured interviews and verification of Maternal and Child Health Books and Child Health Cards, and analyzed using Chi-Square tests and Binary Logistic Regression at a significance level of α = 0.05. Timeliness of measles-rubella immunization was significantly associated with suspected measles occurrence (p<0.001; OR=33.3; 95% CI: 9.17–125.00). Immunization completeness was also significantly associated with suspected measles (p<0.001; χ²=40.932), with a higher proportion of unimmunized children among cases (59.5%) than controls (0%). Multivariate analysis revealed perfect collinearity between immunization timeliness and completeness, indicating that both variables represent the same underlying construct, namely immunization compliance. The logistic regression model explained 56.1% of the variation in suspected measles occurrence (Nagelkerke R²=0.561) and achieved a classification accuracy of 85.1%. There is a significant association between MR immunization timeliness and immunization completeness with the occurrence of suspected measles among children under five in Palopo City. These findings indicate that adherence to the recommended immunization schedule and completion of the immunization series are important factors in measles prevention. Strengthening immunization monitoring systems, parental education, and catch-up immunization programs is essential to improve immunization compliance.